Chap4 Input, Output and Interrupts¶
Wired Connections
- Parallel (one wire per bit):并行
- ATA: Advanced Technology Attachment
- PCI: Peripheral Component Interface
- SCSI: Small Computer System Interface…
- Serial (one wire per direction):串行
- SPI: Serial Peripheral Interface bus
- I2C: Inter-Integrated Circuit
- USB: Universal Serial Bus
- SATA: Serial ATA
- CAN…
- Mixed (one or more “lanes”)
- PCIe: PCI Express
- GPIO(General Purpose I/O):通用输入输出
- PWM(Pulse Width Modulation):脉冲宽度调制
串行异步通信(Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter)
I2C 总线
I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit) 总线
- 由数据线 SDA 和时钟 SCL 构成的串行总线,可发送和接收数据
- 各种被控制电路均并联在这条总线上,每个电路和模块都有唯一地址
- CPU 发出的控制信号分为地址码和控制量两部分
- I2C 总线在传送数据时共有三种类型信号:开始信号、结束信号、应答信号
- 开始信号:SCL 为高电平时,SDA 由高电平向低电平跳变,开始传送 数据。
- 结束信号:SCL 为高电平时,SDA 由低电平向高电平跳变,结束传送 数据。
- 应答信号:接收数据的 IC 在接收到 8bit 数据后,向发送数据的 IC 发出特定的低电平脉冲,表示已收到资料
CAN 总线
CAN(Controller Area Network) 总线
- Polling:轮询
- Main loop uses each I/O device periodically.
- If output is to be produced, produce it.
- If input is ready, read it.
- Interrupts – 中断
- External hardware alerts the processor that input is ready.
- Processor suspends what it is doing.
- Processor invokes an interrupt service routine (ISR).
- ISR interacts with the application concurrently.
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